History is an eternal and endless river. Any kind of traditional culture is born and developed in its heart. The past of ancient Chinese traditional architecture is closely related to the history of Chinese civilization for five thousand years. It is also a trickle from the source, growing and expanding little by little. Sometimes slow, sometimes galloping. Over time, a rich and beautiful trajectory has been deposited.

    Chinese ancient architecture originated from primitive society, formed in Qin and Han Dynasties, and matured in Tang Dynasty. It is mainly made of wood, with unique single type selection, square and neat group combination layout and varied decoration and decoration. Before doing the lighting design of ancient buildings, in addition to understanding the structural characteristics and architectural characteristics of ancient Chinese buildings, we also need to understand their architectural forms and cultural connotations.

1. Ancient single building lighting

    A single house in ancient Chinese architecture is divided into three parts, which can be roughly divided into three parts: the foundation, the body, and the roof. The lighting design should be reflected in segments according to this, highlighting the level of the building, and forming a vertical sense of visual change as a whole.

    1. Roof Lighting

    The roofs have basic forms such as double-eave temple top, double-eave Xieshan top, single-eave temple top, Xieshan top, hard top, scalloped top, rolled shed roof, etc. Among them, the double-eaved Xiestop is mostly used for tall palaces; The two hills of this kind of roof are very weak in expression and are suitable for "supporting roles". They are generally used in lower-level buildings, and the lighting should be expressed differently according to the different forms of these roofs.
    
    Lighting Design Recommendations:

    (1) Selection of lamps - It is recommended to use narrow beam corrugated lamps to render the roof, which has a high degree of integration with the tile ridges and can better represent the roof structure. Of course, the roof can also be illuminated by other lamps, each of which has its own advantages. The corrugated lamp can be more integrated with the tile ridge, but the angle of the lamp is not easy to adjust after installation, which will affect the distance of light irradiation. Bright, we can choose suitable lighting fixtures according to this point; small floodlights illuminate the tile ditch is also a form of roof lighting, the biggest advantage of this type of fixture is that the angle can be adjusted, but tile ditch lighting has no effect on the beam angle and projection angle. The sensitivity of the tile is high, and the flatness of the tile ditch will affect the overall brightness of the light, so when choosing to use a small floodlight to represent the roof, it is necessary to investigate the tile ditch on the roof, and the angle of the lamp can be adjusted according to the width, narrowness, depth, etc. For roofs with dark black or messy tiles, it is generally difficult to achieve ideal effects with flood lighting. Self-illuminating tile lamps can often achieve better results, but it can be said that luminous tile lamps cannot be illuminated by black tiles. The bright products have many shortcomings, but they have a strong sense of visual impact. At present, the dynamic effect of roof media that has begun to appear on the market is its masterpiece. Of course, the lighting density should be determined according to the slope of the tile ridge at the installation location. , can not be the same, different slopes should take different lighting density.
    (2) Power selection - Judging from its height in terms of power selection, conventional 6-12W can be used, and due to the limitation of tile space, the size of the lamps needs to be small, so as to hide the lamps as much as possible.
    (3) Selection of color temperature - the top of the single-eave hall is mostly yellow, and it is recommended to use 2700K-3000K to make it more noble at night. As shown in the picture below: Buildings with yellow roofs are of honorable quality during the day, and smudged with a color temperature of 2700K at night can be more elegant and luxurious.

Dushan project night scene design

    Of course, the choice of roof color temperature has a lot to do with its own color. The roofs of ancient Chinese buildings are dominated by yellow, green and gray. Different color roofs can give people different psychological feelings under the rendering of different color temperatures, conveying Different cultural connotations, the following picture shows the test results of gray roofs under different color temperatures. The gray roof is recommended to use 3500K-4500K white light to express simplicity, and the green roof is recommended to use 3000K-4000K warm white light to naturally express the color of the roof itself. In the picture below, Tiananmen Square in Beijing, the choice of yellow and red not only reflects the solemn and atmospheric charm of the building, but also gives the building a lofty status.

    In addition to the above, it is necessary to pay attention to the angle of lamp selection and installation, because the roof slope of ancient buildings is quite different, and it is necessary to debug according to the actual situation of the site to ensure the realization of the design effect. Of course, the architectural hierarchy in ancient China stipulates the style and scale of buildings according to people's social status, and it is mainly reflected in the roof style. We can carry out the overall planning of the lighting design of ancient buildings according to the primary and secondary roof forms.

    2. House lighting

    The facade of the ancient building is composed of the main structure of the building, mainly composed of columns, eaves, bucket arches, and sparrows. The bucket arch is the most special structure in Chinese wooden buildings, and it is also the main element of eaves decoration. It is connected to the roof and enhances the It enhances the beauty of the building and is also an ornament that shows the difference of grades.

    There are generally a variety of performance methods for the lighting of the house body, the common ones are:

    (1) Dougong lighting - express Dougong through 9-12W small spotlights or 12W/M wall washer lights, forming a horizontal light band, connecting the roof and the pillars.
    (2) Column column lighting - the columns are often reflected by spotlights, forming a vertical line support sense, and setting off the height of the roof. The power here is not only related to the height of the building facade, but also to the primary and secondary aspects of our facade lighting. To sum up, generally 1-4 sets of lamps can be used, and the conventional power is about 9-12W.
    (3) Wall lighting - The wall is generally treated with surface light. In addition to functional lighting, it can also supplement the corridor wall washing for lighting. It is recommended to choose the light that restores the natural color of the wall.

    In addition, Chinese ancient buildings are very particular about decoration, carving beams and painting columns, showing ingenious craftsmanship. Among them, the plaque couplet is a unique artistic construction of Chinese classical architecture, which deepens the connotation and artistic charm of the building, but the lighting of these details , do not pursue too much, mainly emphasize the overall image of the building.

    3. Pedestal lighting

    The ancient building base not only plays the role of a waterproof and stable structure, but also visually expands the volume of the building. It is the main component of traditional buildings and the main element that distinguishes building grades. For example, the Xumizuo is often used in palaces, temples, archways and other high-level buildings, while ordinary seats are more common in lower-level buildings, and the lighting is generally considered as Xumizuo.

    Since the base is generally made of stone, it forms a whole with the marble balustrade. It is recommended to use linear lighting and white lamps with a color temperature of about 4500K, which can create a solemn and sacred feeling, and form a clear layered, light and dark light with the wall and roof. Ambience. Of course, there are more bases in the current lighting design that use yellow tones. The difference in color temperature is mainly due to the different cultural background of the project and what kind of lighting mood it wants to create, the grand royal atmosphere, the pure Buddhist mystery, and so on.

    The brightness, color temperature and the use of lamps and lanterns of the overall lighting design of ancient buildings must be planned according to the design concept of the specific project, not only to make people have a pleasing and profound experience in vision and spirit, but also to focus on the promotion of cultural heritage.

2. Ancient group architectural lighting

    Speaking of ancient buildings, of course, classical gardens are inseparable from each other. They complement each other and have an important feature of artistic conception. They pay attention to deepening the natural beauty into spiritual beauty. This is also very important in the lighting of ancient buildings. If they are classified according to their position in the garden, there are mainly two types of "explicit" and "hidden". When designing lighting, we need to analyze them and explain according to the different positions of buildings in the garden, " The key performance of the "obvious" building plays a role in gathering attention, and the "hidden" building is depicted by silhouette method, which can be appropriately weakened in terms of brightness. For example, the Leshou Hall in the Summer Palace, the artistic conception pursued is the natural realm, and the lighting should be simple and natural. In addition to the ingenious use of "explicit" and "hidden", we must also pay attention to collocation with the landscape.

"Explicit" and "Hidden" of ancient lighting

    For architectural lighting in ancient gardens, it is recommended that the light should not be too abrupt. Hidden lighting, rear projection lighting, borrowed light, or silhouette lighting should be used. Light and shadow can actually set off light and darkness. Like the design concept that our company Shangzhu Lighting Design has always adhered to: lead emotions and illuminate the heart. Of course, different gardens, different architectural groups, and different artistic conception expressions, garden landscapes and group buildings jointly pursue an aesthetic purpose, the realm of governance, the realm of gods, or the realm of nature.

Ancient building lighting techniques

3. Ancient Chinese Architecture in the Evolution of Times

    At present, the lighting in urban construction has become more and more mature, but the lighting of ancient buildings is still in the development stage. We cannot simply illuminate the building itself, but integrate traditional culture into it, so as to fully express the interpretation of architecture on culture.

    In ancient buildings, how to express their core through lighting is worthy of everyone's pondering. Protecting the shape of the building itself and inheriting the cultural charm of the building at that time is closely related to the era to which it belongs. like:

    (1) The overall shape of the ancient buildings in the Han Dynasty is smooth and stretched. The ridge and eaves of the roof are slightly upturned. Created by light, the large-angle flood light above 60° can well reflect the charm of the dynasties of the Han Dynasty.
    (2) The ancient buildings of the Tang and Song Dynasties are large in scale, majestic, handsome in shape, solemn and generous, neat but not rigid, gorgeous but not slender, stretched but not unassuming, simple but full of vitality, which is the perfect embodiment of the spirit of the times at that time. The combination of yellow and white is used to restore the feeling of the Tang Dynasty's prosperity during the day. Like the domestic Datang Furong Garden, it shows the style of the royal garden under the style of the Tang Dynasty. The lighting effects are very good to show the prosperity and splendor of the Tang Dynasty at that time.
    (3) The buildings in the Qing Dynasty are domineering, beautiful, and colorful. It is recommended to choose warm white for the light color to express the original rich colors of the building.

    These evolutions are not only related to the history of the dynasties, but also have a lot to do with the national strength at that time, the progress of technology, the management of government rule, etc., all of which affect the lighting of ancient buildings. The lighting of different dynasties should follow the characteristics of his era. , our lighting designers only need to convey the era language of ancient buildings through the art of lighting.

4. Historical buildings and antique buildings

    Ancient buildings can be divided into historical buildings and antique buildings. In addition to the above-mentioned common features, the biggest difference between them is that one is historical legacy and the other is modern imitation. Historical buildings generally belong to historical relics and have certain protection value. It is necessary to follow the regulations on the protection of historical buildings. In lighting design, it is necessary to avoid the damage to the building itself caused by the installation of lamps and lanterns. Pole mounted light fixtures. For antique buildings, it is a building made of modern technology. The lighting requirements are more flexible, and the design methods are not limited. The effect we want to express can be achieved in various ways.

    A good design should not be lighting for the sake of lighting. It should always implement the attitude of respecting history and culture, and take the protection of the essence of the building as the first principle to restore the original culture of the building. The special vocabulary in its cultural expression does not reveal any trace.